First, I want to emphasize something I've said before, which is... we'll rarely have time to truly finish discussions and activities in class although we will sure as hell start a lot of them. To finish something like today's thesis exercise, you need to continue with your partner after class, even if that just means exchanging emails. To finish the philosophical discussions we start, you need a regular partner from this class or one of the other (non-trailer) classes to talk through the ideas a couple of times a week.
REMINDERS:
-read Nichomachean Ethics (1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 2.5-2.7, 3.6-3.8)
-chart three virtue sliders for Obama & McCain w/ specific reference to tonight's debate
-do quotations exercise for Obama & the Hills
-post Turtle/Ghandi/Descartes exercises from Monday in reply to this post
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Descartes p.34
Categorial Syllogism: All men are imperfect
God is not man
God is perfect
Hypothetical: If all men are imperfect
God is not man
God must be perfect
Ghandi p.35
Premise: Experience is the best way to learn.
Conclusion: Therefore experience is the best of all schools.
Premise: The atmosphere at home provided by parents is the most important part of kids learning in school.
Conclusion: Therefore the kids education is dependent on their parents.
Turtle p. 35
-If turtles were meant to fly they would have wings
-Turtles do not have wings
-Therefore turtles were not meant to fly
Descartes:
Categorical syllogism:
All human beings are imperfect.
God is not a human being.
God is the most perfect.
Hypothetical:
If all humans are imperfect.
God is not a human being.
Therefore, God is the most perfect.
Ghandi:
Premise: Quite a number of crafts cannot be learned at school, but only in the workshops .
Conclusion: what we need is experience in schools.
Premise: Creation of a vital education atmosphere is the most important.
Conclusion: The education of children is primarily a duty of the parents.
turtle;
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings.
Turtles do not have wings.
Therefore, turtles aren't meant to fly.
Descartes exercise-
Categorical: All perfect knowledge is without doubt, I doubted, therefore my being was not utterly perfect.
Hypothetical: If perfection comes from knowledge without doubt,
And I doubted,
Then my being is not utterly perfect.
Ghandi exercise-
His arguments are that school isn’t what’s important, but instead the drive to learn and succeed and that parents are responsible for the education of their children and need to create a positive learning environment to do so. His premise for his first argument is that schools often teach things that should be taught in workshops because of their “parrot-like” qualities. He concludes that adults don’t need this knowledge of basic things but instead a desire for education, confidence and diligence. His premise for his second argument is that when educating children, a parent needs to focus more on how the child is learning rather than what and where. He concludes that if they follow through, the children in general will be better educated.
Turtle exercise-
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings. Turtles do not have wings, therefore they were not meant to fly.
I disagree with this syllogism because there are flightless birds with wings. Were they meant to fly as well?
DESCARTES
-Cat. Syll.
All doubt is imperfect
I doubt
Therefore, I am imperfect
-Hyp. Syll.
If there is doubt then there is imperfection
doubt therefore is imperfect
GANDHI
-Prem.
1) Knowledge of these acquired at school is often parrot-like.
2) Therefore the creation of a vital educational atmosphere is more important than the foundations of numerous schools.
-Conc.
1) Therefore what adults need is not so much a school as a thirst for knowledge, diligence, and self-confidence.
2) When once this atmosphere has been established on a firm footing the schools will come in due course.
TURTLE
-(given) If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings.
- Turtles do not have wings, they were not meant to fly.
- conc. any animal without wings is not meant to fly. [this argument is negated by the fact that mankind made their own wings]
Descartes:
categorial: men are imperfect
God isn't a man
God must be perfect
hypothetical: If men are imperfect
God isn't a man
then God must be perfect
Gandhi: people cannot learn and gain experience in crafts while in school. they have to be in a workshop to fully learn.
conclusion: experience in a craft is more important than school
parents are in charge of setting up an educational atmosphere for their children
conclusion: in order to have children succeed in school, parents need to set up an education environment at home
turtle:
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings
turtles do not have wings, therefore they are not meant to fly
DESCARTES:
categorial syllogism-
I (mankind) am imperfect
God is not mankind
only God is perfect
hypothetical syllogism-
If I (mankind) am imperfect
God is not mankind
therefore, only God is perfect
GHANDI:
premise- Experience is better than school learning.
conclusion- Life experiences are the best.
premise 2- Environment at home is important in the maturing of a child
conlusion 2- Evironment is important at home and at school, not the schools reputation.
TURTLE:
If turtles were meant to fly, then they would have wings.
- since turtles do not have wings they cannot fly, and were not meant to fly.
Descartes
cat. syllogism:
It is a greater pefection to know than to doubt.
I doubt.
Therefore, I am not pefect.
hypo. syllogism:
If you are God then you are pefect.
I am not God
Thereofre, I am not pefect.
Ghandi
Premise: cannot learn everything at school
conclusion: need a thirst for knowledge, diligence, and self confidence to truly learn
Premise: Parents duty for thier childrens education
conclusion: better to focus on a good educational atmosphere than number of schools
Turtle:
If turtles were meant to fly they would have wings.
Turtles don't have wings.
Therefore, they are not meant to fly.
Tutle exercise -
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings.
Conclusion:Therefore turtles were not meant to fly.
Ghandi exercise -
Conclusion #1: Experience is the biggest of all schools.
Premise: Quite a number of crafts cannot be learnt at school but only in the workship.
Conclusion #2: What adults need is not so much a school as a thirst for knowledge, diligence, and self-confidence.
Premise: Knowledge of these acquired at school is often only parrot-like.
Conclusion #3: Education of children is primarily a duty to be discharged by the parents.
Premise: The creation of a vital educational atmosphere is more important than the foundation of numerous schools eventually will lead to being acquire non-parrot-like knowledge.
Descartes Exercise -
Hypothetical Syllogism: If all men are imperfect, and God is not a man, than God must be perfect.
Categorial Syllogism: All men are imperfect
God is not a man
God is perfect.
Descartes:
categorical:
God is perfect.
I am not God.
Therefore, I am not perfect.
hypothetical:
If I don't think I am perfect,
then I am not perfect.
Ghandi:
Premise: Experience is where the best learning comes from
Conclusion: Adults need a thirst for knowledge, diligence, and self confidence more than school.
Premise: Premise: a certain atmosphere is required for learning.
Conclusion: After a learning atmosphere is established, a school will come later.
Turtle:
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings. But because they don't have wings, they shouldn't fly. I draw the conclusion that whoever made this statement was probably that everything has a purpose to it.
Descartes Exercise:
Categorical Syllogism:
-It is a greater perfection to know than to doubt
-I doubt
-I am not utterly perfect
Hypothetical Syllogism:
-If to know is a greater perfection than to doubt
-I doubt
-Therefore, I cannot be utterly perfect
Ghandi Exercise:
1 )
-Premise: School cannot teach many crafts that can only be learned in workshops.
-Conclusion: Experience is the best method for learning.
2 )
-Premise: Parents are in charge of their children's education.
-Conclusion: The parents must establish a strong educational environment as a foundation for school.
Turtle Exercise:
-If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings... since they don't have wings, they are not meant to fly.
Descartes:
Categorical syllogism:
all who doubt themselves are not perfect. God does not doubt thus he is perfect.
hypothetical syllogism:
if humans doubt themselves then Descartes is human. However, if God does not doubt himself then he is perfect
Gandhi:
Premises:Subjects learned in school do not cover all basis of education. The perfect atmosphere is needed to learn.
Conclusions: to complete an education experience is needed. Parents are thus needed to find this perfect atmosphere
Turtle:
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings.
Turtles do not have wings, thus they are not meant to fly.
Descartes:
I doubt, therefore I am not perfect
I am not perfect, and therefore must search for perfection.
God is perfection.
In search of perfection, I find god.
Ghandi
Premise: Schooling is a poor excuse for experience.
Conclusion: Experience should come before schooling.
Turtle: Turtles do not have wings. Therefore, they were not meant to fly.
Descartes
If I know, then I am perfect.
I doubt, therefore I am not perfect.
If I am aware of this perfection, then it must have a natural source.
This natural source must be God.
Gandhi
Craftsmen are extremely knowledgeable about their field.
Crafts can only be taught through experience.
Improper education is not based on experience, but on imitation.
Therefore, in order to truly learn something, one must have the same attitude as one who learns a craft, which is a thirst for knowledge, diligence, and self-confidence.
A child's education is primarily the parents' responsibility.
Therefore, it is more important for the parents to be aware of how important educations is rather than building more schools.
As a result of this increased awareness, more schools will inevitably be built.
Turtle
All flying animals have wings.
Turtles do not have wings.
Therefore, turtles were not meant to fly.
Descartes
Categorical:
To doubt means one is not perfect
God does not doubt
God is perfect
Hypothetical:
If God was perfect
I am not God
Therefore, I am not perfect
Ghandi
Premise:
One can't rely entirely on school for one's knowledge
Conclusion:
Learn through experience also
Premise:
Children's education is a part of the parent's responsibility
Conclusion:
Parent should take responsibility of child's learning.
Turtle
Therefore, turtles don't fly. Turtles can't fly because they don't have wings.
Descartes: You've all constructed syllogisms, but Alec's answer is the only one that is anywhere close to D's argument in this passage. Worry not, it will make more sense when we read the Meditations.
Ghandi: Ariana's is a good model for the first argument, Ivan's for the second. But the part that all of you seem to miss is that Ghandi does not accept formal schooling as an end in itself; after all, the schools in India during his time were mainly to brainwash Indians into serving the British. He is saying that if families (and communities) nurture a desire for education, then children will naturally wish to acquire competencies, most of which are strictly practical or experiential, but SOME of which may necessitate a curriculum of technical knowledge, thus a school.
Turtle: I think you all get the syllogism. Stephanie's objection is invalid; just because I say that animals that are meant to fly have wings, does not mean that all animals with wings were meant to fly. Roselaine's objection is invalid as well; there is a difference between "meant to fly" and "actually does fly." Ivan is right to point out that there is an unstated premise: animals and their appendages have "purposes," are meant to do things. An Aristotlean premise, yes? I believe this is what is causing Stephanie and Rose to form their objections. If I stated the argument as:
1) Animals that lack wings cannot fly.
2) Turtles lack wings.
3) Turtles cannot fly.
Then Stephanie would withdraw her objection (since I haven't implied anything about winged animals that can't fly) and Roselaine's objection would now be technically valid (if you accept an airplane as "flying."
Descartes:
Categorical Syllogism:
men are imperfect
God is not a man
God is perfect
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If men are imperfect then God is not a man. Therefore God must be perfect
Ghandi:
Premise: Experience is more important than education
Conclusion: What people need is experience not a parrot-like education
Premise: The learning atmosphere for children is vital
Conclusion: Parents need to provide a good foundation for learning at home
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings
Turtles do not have wings
They were not meant to fly
Descartes:
Syllogism: humans are imperfect
God is not human
God is perfect
Hypothesis: if humans are imperfect,
god is not human
therefore, God must be perfect
Ghandi:
Premis: experience is most important
Conclusion: adults require more experience than just schooling
Premise: Parents control their childrens' education
Conclusion: establishing a good atmosphere will resultin a good education
Turtle:
If turtles were meant to fly, they would have wings. Turtles do not have winds, thus they were not meant to fly.
**sorry this is late
I TOTALLY FORGOT UNTIL I READ IT FOR REVIEW!!!
Descartes
Categorical Syllogism
All people doubt
doubt is a flaw
all people are flawed
hypothetic syllogism
If God is perfect
I am made in his image
Therefore I am perfect
Ghandi
Premises:One learns by experience, by experimenting. Parents control childrens education
Conclusion: Schools are not good learning institutions for life, Parents should focus on more learning experiences for their children rather than building schools.
Turtles:}:}
Complete Syllogism
Therefore turtles are not meant to fly
Since turtles do not have wings they are not meant to fly as made clear by the syllogism
sorry its late I've had it done on paper I just didn't put it on the blogpost:(
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